Quarter Paper Antonio Vivaldi And The Music Of His Time Essays

Quarter Paper: Antonio Vivaldi and the music of his time Throughout history there have been many distinct periods of time. These various eras are all alike in a way because they all slowly flow into each other. One of these unique times was called the Baroque period. The Baroque time began during the 1600's and ended early during the early 1700's. The way Baroque music was looked at was varied depending on where you looked at it from. In Italy, it was largely energetic and spectacular. Yet, if you were to travel North, you would encounter the "gloom's of muted firelight." This, along with the "shadowy pales of another world," simply means that this music wasn't greatly appreciated in Southern Italy, as it was more towards the North. The people of the North were not as affectionate towards this type of music. Although, the more time that had passed in the 1600's, the more popular the baroque music became. It was greatly adored by the listeners. The beauty that this type of music contained was extremely astonishing. Also the drama in this type of music and theatre was what made this time stand out from the rest. The actual term "baroque" is extracted from "baroco" which is a name used by medieval philosophers to identify a reasoning that writers of the 16th century found absurd and pointless. On the contrary, Baroque music is far from being absurd or pointless. The word "baroque" is derived from that or from the word "barrochio" that is an Italian word used since the middle ages to indicate shifty or tricky procedures. Wherever it's beginnings, the word "baroque" had been used since the 18th century to indicate paintings, poems, architecture, literature, and all else that is dynamic, dramatic, and to some eyes, astonishing and incredibly even ugly. This really comes to a surprise to me because I've listened to baroque music like Antonio Vivaldi and Johann Sebastian Bach and none of the music struck me as being "ugly." The first word that came to mind when I was listening was "relaxing." Like all other music, there are some people that think higher of it then others. Sir Francis Bacon said, "^+I cannot but be raised to this persuasion, that this third period of time will far surpass that of the Grecian and Roman learning^+" After reading this quotation you can clearly see that Sir Francis Bacon thinks the Baroque time is far superior to the Grecian and Roman periods. The basis of his opinion probably rests on the fact that he has seen artwork, or heard music from the other two times he had compared to the Baroque period (the Grecian and the Roman.) The Baroque time itself was filled with musical geniuses. People like Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philip Telemann, Johann Pachelbel, Franz Josef Haydn, and Georg Frideric Handel. All of these people, were amazing when holding an instrument, sitting at a piano, or writing on manuscript paper, but the finished products (whatever they might be) were and always will be superb. Among these people, was Antonio Vivaldi. Antonio Vivaldi was born on March 4, 1678, and on May 6, 1678 he was baptized by a mid-wife, because she was afraid he might die. This woman's name was Madama Margarita. Antonio Vivaldi's mother Camilla, the daughter of a Venetian tailor Camillo Calicchio, marries Gianbattista Vivaldi on August 6, 1677. Due to the stato libero, Antonio was presumably born prematurely, and declared to be free from any impediment from matrimony, also because he was not baptized in church until two months after his birth. Antonio Vivaldi, being a sickly child from the very start was ill, and in fear of his death before being baptized, Madama Margarita had had him baptized. The people, who studied and researched Antonio Vivaldi, in trying to trace back his family history, could not trace back any farther than his paternal grandparents, who lived in Brescia. Their son Giovanni Battista (or Gianbattista) was born in 1665, and when he was ten, his mother took him to Venice, presumably on the death of his father. Originally Vivaldi's dad had become a barber, but he was also an accomplished violinist. Which makes it

Charlottes Web essays

Charlottes Web essays Important Lesson Taught in Charlottes Web In E.B. Whites, Charlottes Web, children are given the opportunity to learn about several life lessons. The book teaches a moral lesson, teaches of an animal's habits, and allows young readers to identify with humanized animals, all of which have deeper meanings. Children get to learn all of this while looking into the world of Wilbur and his barnyard buddies. Charlotte's Web is full of little life lessons. However, they are never just stated, rather hidden within other things; readers must look past the animals' actions to see a deeper meaning and moral. One of the lessons that is taught revolves around Templeton, the rat. Throughout the book he is a greedy self-seeker who does not help anyone, unless there is something in it for him. The rest of the barnyard animals work together as a family, a community, but Templeton does not belong. "The rat had no morals, no conscience, no scruples, no consideration, no decency, no milk of rodent kindness, no compunctions, no higher feeling, no friendliness, no anything" (White 46). A child reading the story could identify with the animals and their feelings and actions and see that Templeton is not a good citizen. IN order for one to be part of a family or community everyone must work together and help out others when needed. Although it is not laid out for the child, the message is clear; being selfish is a bad thing. Another significant lesson that this book teaches is that friendship is one of most important aspects in life. The friendship that is illustrated between Wilbur and Charlotte is shown as being exceptionally strong and meant tremendous amount to the little pig. White portrays the beginning of the friendship to be filled with some doubt on Wilbur's part, because of Charlotte's "bloodthirsty" ways. However, White explains shortly after that "Wilbur was merely suffering the doubts and fears that often go with finding a new fr...

Analysis of the Scarlet Letter 1

Meredith Byram Mrs. Allinder English 9 A4 23 February 2009 â€Å"It may serve, let us hope, to symbolize some sweet moral blossom, that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human fatality and sorrow,† (Hawthorne 44). In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, light and dark are used to compare and contrast the inner nature of Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale, All of these characters describe the theme of sin and suffering, but throughout their own struggles they strive and succeed to end up on the other end of the spectrum. Ah, but,† she interposed, more softly, a young wife, holding a child by the hand, â€Å"let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will always be in her heart,† (Hawthorne 47). Hester’s sin will always be a part of her soul, no matter how deeply she buries it. The scarlet A helps her to stop living her life a lie and forces her to show her sin to society, leaving her with nothing else to hide ( Morey 64). Hester is forced to set everything she has hidden free because her mistake and sin. Her life is turned into sorrow and denial leaving her a part of the dark side according to society’s view. Dimmesdale and Hester, at the time Pearl is conceived, only thought of themselves and their love instead of thinking about the depth of their sin (Morey 91). Their selfishness makes Hester rebel and cause the community to view her rebellion and defiance even deeper. Hester does not realize that she is only burying herself deeper, along with Pearl and secretly Dimmesdale also. â€Å"To Hester’s eye, the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale exhibited no symptom of positive or vivacious suffering, except that, as little Pearl had remarked, he kept his own hand over his heart,† (Hawthorne 177). This hand that is over Dimmesdale’s heart is covering up his own sin and causes him to have his own scarlet letter. Dimmesdale’s truth constantly is knocking at his heart and soul, begging for a chance to be revealed. He drives himself to the point of insanity, pushing all his agony on top of himself which buries himself deeper and deeper into his grave (Morey 134). Dimmesdale doesn’t realize that he should tell the truth, not only because he is a Puritan clergyman, but also because he is only twisting and tangling his sin into a knot that soon won’t be able to become unraveled. As the novel progresses, Dimmesdale’s soul becomes dirty and scum-like—just as society sees Hester’s inner self. His agony and paranoia is his own punishment and instead pushes himself even farther and farther away from the truth. Before he committed hi sin, Dimmesdale was fully connected to God and then after the sin was committed his godly soul starts to wither away. He becomes even less attached and finally he dies and becomes all the way disconnected from God (Gerber 82-83). Dimmesdale pushes himself away from the Lord out of his selfishness and causes his soul to become dark and dirty. †¦She is my happiness! She is my torture, none the less! Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too! See ye not, she is the scarlet letter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne 104. † At this point in the novel, Hester is persuading the governor to let Pearl stay with her. Pearl is a consistent reminder of Hester’s sin. Even though Pearl brings Hester up into the light, she darkens it also. Pearl creates a personality that is hostile and reflects her extreme temper. This relates Pearl to the devil which can be seen as darkness and a dark place. This temper and hostility is Hester’s biggest punishment for her sin. Pearl is literally a living example of the scarlet letter. After living many years of sin and suffering, Hester comes to full knowledge of her sin and gains responsibility for her actions (Nagel 90). Hester realizes that her sin will be lifted from her when she is ready to accept it. As Hester unleashes the â€Å"A† form her chest she, â€Å"had not known the weight until she felt the freedom. † Right after Hester reveals and finds her freedom, Hawthorne describes the sun as if it were bursting out onto the leaves and trees as if it were transforming the dark into light (Hawthorne 191). This symbolizes a turning point in the novel because Hester realizes her frustrations and accepts them which turn her dark night into a bright day. Even though Dimmesdale struggles to tell the truth and his secret, his ending can be seen as a light or a bright side. He forgives Chillingworth and the way he accepts his fate can be seen in a light or bright side (Nagel 153). Dimmesdale does have a frightening fate but the way he accepts this at the end of the story reveals a glimpse of light. Also, at the end of the novel Pearl is seen crying for joy which can foreshadow a happy life ahead of her. Society has seen Pearl as a dark spot and a nuisance for her entire life. In the end, Pearl escapes her mother’s shadow and lives in Europe away from the Puritan views and living (Nagel 153). Pearl’s ending can be received in a positive way which resembles lightness. The Scarlet Letter starts in a depressing and cold demeanor releasing feelings of suffering and sorrow. As the story evolves and the characters develop, the inner nature of Pearl, Dimmesdale, and Hester is revealed. However, it isn’t necessarily perceived in a negative way, but in a positive way. Even though Hester’s ending wasn’t the typical â€Å"happy† ending, it still closed in a satisfying bliss of a better life. Dimmesdale finally told his truth and released his sin and Pearl can now live her life out of her mother’s troubles. â€Å"The angel and apostle of the coming revelation must be a woman, indeed, but lofty, pure, beautiful, and wise, moreover, not through dusky grief, but the ethereal medium of joy; showing how sacred love should make us happy, but the truest test of a life successful to such an end! † (Hawthorne 247). Through all the darkness, light has been found and the sorrow has been replaced with happiness. Pearl, Hester, and Dimmesdale are now free. Works Cited Bloom, Harold, ed. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Bloom’s Major Novelists. Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers, 2000. Gerber, John C. , ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter. Eaglewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1968. Morey, Eileen, ed. Readings on The Scarlet Letter. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Nagel, James, ed. Critical Essays on Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Boston: G. K. Hall and Co. , 1988. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.

Cross Listing Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cross Listing - Literature review Example Cross Listing The researcher will take the help of the research work of previous research scholars in order to shed light on the topic. 1.2 Definition of Cross Listing Karolyi (2012) defined cross-listing or â€Å"dual-listing’ as the strategic measure taken by companies to list its equities in exchange of foreign countries and the process may or may not involve secondary or initial capital rising. The scholar has also pointed out that cross-listing involves customization or changing the disclosure measure, transparency, corporate governance requirement in accordance with nature of the business environment of the foreign country where equities are going to be listed. Jian et al. (2011) also pointed out that cross-listing is basically a strategic choice rather being a mere accounting trick performed by top level management of the firm to internationalize its business without involving any traditional international expansion policy such as merger & acquisition, exporting, licensing etc. In s uch context, Karolyi (2012) and Jian et al. (2011) agreed with the fact that cross-listing requires involvement of multiple capital market participants such as accountants, investment banks, custodian agency which undertakes clearance and settlement activities, strategic advisors etc. Hence it can be assumed that cross-listing is a lengthy and complex process. ... like getting access to a larger market, attracting cash rich investors, greater diversification of ownership base, opening door for liquid trading can influence a firm to go for cross listing. However, careful analysis of the research work of O’Connor (2009) shows that it is very difficult to assign one reason which might influence firms to go for cross listing. O’Connor (2009) has pointed out that nature disclosure in cross-sectional setting can even influence cross-listing decision. In such context, the study will shed light on empirical reasons behind cross listing with help of previous research work of research scholars. 1.3 Reasons for Cross Listing Cross-listing is one of the hotly debated topics among research scholars and identifying exact reason behind cross listing is a long debated issue among research scholars. Charitou et al. (2008) identified the fact that none of the research scholars have ever tried to understand the motivation behind cross- listing from managerial perspective. Charitou et al. (2008) argued that executives go for cross-listing in order to get higher equity based compensation. Hence, it can be assumed that listing equity of a firm in exchange of foreign markets is strategic decision which is taken by executives in order to fulfill the interest of shareholders. Listing equities in foreign exchange attracts foreign investors to invest money on the shares of the company and as a result of the investment of foreign investors, the firm gets able to provide better return to shareholders and subsequently board executives also get higher equity based compensation. Dodd (2013) pointed out that cross-listing helps firms to overcome the market segmentation, limitation of attracting investors and improvement of stock liquidity but these factors

Research methodology in Strategic Human Resource Management Paper

Methodology in Strategic Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example This work would evaluate the research philosophies, strategies and methods employed in some human resource research journals/articles. There are some philosophical principles that were used in the research to make it more effective. The principle of social constructivism was well applied when the researchers set a friendly atmosphere before engaging some workers in some interviews. The researchers understood the fact that each organization has policies which limit some workers from handling some questions or duties within the organization. The research team had to be clear on the intention or purpose of their research as well as the assurance that it would have no negative implication on their career. However, the principle of participation was not well utilized since the research team only involved employees from specific departments and left out the rest, they should have sampled their respondents to represent the entire organization to limit biasness (Wilkins, 2009). Positivist an d constructivist principles are important for any research, they help one judge the quantitative and qualitative implications in any research. Quantitative research is that which figures can be used to back or support its finding while qualitative research is that which cannot be quantified or rather based on facts or theories. E-HRM research considered the constructivist principles when the employees were asked to give their thoughts or verdicts with the technology concerned. The majority were for the idea that it would improve the effectiveness of human resource in the organization. The technology requires a few IT specialists and a smaller space to operate and furthermore, it simply records all income and expenditure details in terms of time of transaction and amount among other details. It also saves on organization resources spent to recruit, train and supervise workers in various departments (Parry, 2011). The technology also promotes self-service management system in the mode rn workplaces. Here the employees convey their complaints or concerns through secured web-channels to the top management team or the employer. Researchers tried to compare the E-HRM and the traditional human resource and they found out that they were labor and technology oriented respectively. Furthermore, E-HRM depends wholly on advanced software to manage and monitor some of the important human resource elements in a certain organization. Traditional human resource, on the other hand, uses human resource managers, directors and secretaries but oversees major human resource issues. However, positivist principles were not effectively applied in the research. The article ought to record numerical values of the findings. For instance, the researchers should have recorded the number of human resource employees in E-HRM system and compared with that of traditional human resource management. The article is not clear on some of the research strategies employed. However, from the findings, one can depict that the researchers must have prepared research questions about the kind of findings they expected. The questions could have been withdrawn from prior similar research and internet sources among others. They ought to have indicated how they conducted their pre-visit study to converse themselves with the study environment. This would also enable them to get to know the estimate population of the study area. This would guide the researchers in decision on the

Conviction on Economic Stability Essay Example for Free

Conviction on Economic Stability Essay One of the best renowned authors of the 21st Century, Adam Harmes – a foreign policy instructor bumped in an idea of analyzing the mishaps which is seemingly occurring in today’s era. Upon producing the book The Return of the State, he cited numerous instances and reasons why the International Business Propagandists must think of ways to expunge the ascending clash between the level of intervention implemented by the economic and political scheme, which he was able to sought as the primary problem on why the country has been departing from the reality of the immediate. Furthermore, he stated the major inevitable state of free-market trade mishaps are that by which denotes â€Å"supreme power† on America, which he, and Paul Martin believes as the root of all fault and that America should not only swallow the benefit out of the concept of trade alone, but rather share the Supremacy along with the other developing states since that as for the moment, they are considered as that which is vested with the pre-dominant influence over all the countries in UN and thus must make a move to improve the welfare of the general masses. He also mentioned numerous convictions on globalization’s effect in the economic realm, Unitarianism in America, G-20 series – as a cure to the rivalry in the economic basis and the expansion of the elite powers’ support over those who need such (Harmes). Concluding the totality of the book, Harmes’ enthusiasm and devotion on racial and international equilibrium and social welfare serves him a ticket on gaining the sympathy of those cosseting on prose historical books. In addition to that his arguments may have seemed opinionated in some certain circumstance, however, it illustrates the need of higher rationality and thus giving the â€Å"elites† in the world of globalization a tickle in their higher sense of rationality that the world is but a web of inter-related active countries and such voices and needs must be well taken care of (Harmes). The Return of the State is grandeur of Harmes in uplifting the banner of humanitarianism and concern for global economic stability. Reference: Harmes, Adam. The Return of the State. Vancouver: Douglas McIntyre, 2004.

jesus :: essays research papers

Christianity: A rise in the Classical Period Even though Christianity developed later than many other religions, and caught on slowly, its ideas were very popular. Some people were disagreeing with Judaism, and therefore reformed their ideas to fit with those of Christianity. Paul of Tarsus (5 c. e. - 67 c. e) was considered the most important religious leader in the developing and spreading of Christian beliefs. For Paul to prove that Christianity is for all people, he wrote letters and epistles. The appeal of Paul’s letters to the Romans helped spread Christianity by setting a universal foundation to different communities all over Europe. The letters Paul wrote later became part of the New Testament of the Bible. Some people did accept Jesus as the Messiah, but others did not. Believers in Judaism were revolting against Jesus and his beliefs. The Roman government took Jesus into their control and Pontius Pilate demanded his crucifixion. However, a number of devoted followers were able to spread the story of Jesus. They pronounced that Jesus had overcome death, been resurrected and rose into Heaven. Of these followers the most important was Paul of Tarsus. Paul of Tarsus was on one occasion Jewish, but converted to Christianity. His strong will and ability to stand up for what he believed in led him to first have the courage to convert himself into Christianity, and to encourage others to do the same. He preached to a number of Jews and gentiles throughout Europe and Asia. Paul’s writings caught the attention and popularity of so many people, mainly Romans, because they were profound, in depth teachings, and words that were new and unfamiliar to many. The writings that Paul wrote accentuated the idea of Christianity being a religion for all people. In many of Paul’s ideas, one main concept was that of the introduction of Greco-Roman ideas, with the inclusion of Roman law. Of his writings, the letter from Paul to the Romans was the building block of the spread of Christianity. In the letters Paul begins to explain the truths of Christianity as they are known and are still used today. The idea of humans being able to be forgiven from sin is the one of the main key concepts included. Paul’s states that sin is an act of disobedience to god, but also states that it is not an act that cannot be forgiven.

Conventional or Non-conventional medicine

Should People Use Conventional or Non-Ã' onventional Medicine? â€Å"A wise man ought to realize that health is his most valuable possession† (Hippocrates) Now we live in such a kind of world where numerous fatal diseases arise and increase day by day. Mankind always tries to find useful remedies for these diseases, but sometimes people hesitate to decide which cure is the best. As Hippocrates said health is the most valuable thing for person. Without health a person is nothing. So, we should do our best in order to protect our health. Due to several reasons alternative medicine is regarded as the best way. Therefore, people should prefer alternative medicines to chemical ones without any doubt because they have already proven their values to the worldwide.The main argument is that non-conventional medicine ensures people to be healthy and guarantee that effects will remain in the long-term. Recent research has proved that this kind of medicine has gained the confidence of pe ople, because these methods have been around since the beginning of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that more than 65% of world`s population rely on this medicine . According to the survey, one out of three Americans who have used alternative medicine said that they would use it again without any avoidance. Alternative medicine is more effective in the long-term because they don`t just try to find a treatment for symptoms of disease.Instead of finding a cure for pain, for instance, alternative medicine finds out what has caused the pain and they make an effort in order to hunt out the root of the pain. So, these estimated factors make alternative medicine stronger than conventional one.Secondly, non-conventional medicine has gained high popularity because they provide cheaper results. The cost of medical treatment is higher because of using chemical medicines which require more technology and money during industrial process. The second reason of expensiveness is doctors` prescriptions. Most companies make a deal with doctors and require them to prescribe their medicines to his own patients. Moreover, when people decide to have medical care, they also need to do some check-ups and testswhich are not cheap either. But alternative medicines are cheaper because they contain herbal substances and it is easier to produce them. That`s why majority prefers to use this kind of medicines.Many scientists and professors don`t want to accept alternative way of healing. As alternative medicines have not scientifically been proven , they are considered dangerous. Furthermore, they are not being used under doctor control. It is peril to use them because you don`t know what kind of consequences can occur. Scientists claim that using conventional healing is more reliable . Their main support is that alternative medicine is used by doctors who have at least 5 or 6 years medical education and in addition, more experience.For instance, according to the arti cle â€Å"Dying for their beliefs† by Jeffrey Good, Amy Hermanson was a victim of her family`s beliefs. She had diabetes and doctors warned the parents that the girl needed medical care. But family didn`t pay any attention to all the warnings and they tried to treat their girl with alternative treatments such as praying. In the end the result was death and charging of family. That`s why doctors warn people to avoid such kind of medicines in order not to feel repentant later. However, this argument is no longer correct because many people who didn`t find any cure by using conventional medicine, turned to alternative therapies again.They realized that tablets, different chemical medicines didn`t really work. They just took away the pain for a while but in fact they didn`t do any cure. One example is about Laurence Burns , 75 years old man. He was diagnosed cancer and he have been taking conventional therapy. But it didn`t really work on Burns`s body. It has too many side effect s. During his conventional therapy procedures doctors said him that he had only 6 months left. Later he decided to try alternative therapy and it sufficiently worked. He became much stronger than before. Now he is happy about his decision. He says that everything has changed and now he feels more improvement in his health habits.To sum up, from past times till now people have gained more benefits from alternative medicine and have used it resolutely. Alternative medicine and its results have been tested and it is estimated that they are more effective. They are the best way to get strong treatment.

Factors Affecting Democratization

This time period witnessed the collapse of over 30 authoritarian regimes in Europe, Asia, and Latin America which then made the transition to democracy and were characterized mainly by one party systems. Nations that undergo the translation to a democratic form of government usually display three particular characteristics: a high level of economic development, a highly educated public, and a large middle class.The second table, below Huntington, provides the literacy rates, Gaps, and life expectancies of five imaginary countries. Of these five countries, D and E are the most likely to democratic and hey are also the most likely to consolidate democracy because they possess the three main characteristics of democratic countries. Huntington provides a chart, on page 62 of his work, In which countries are classified according to their GNP In 1 976 In relation to the type of government they possessed in 1974.It also shows whether the countries democratic or liberalized between 1974 and 1989, or whether they maintained their non-democratic regimes throughout those years. The chart below Huntington provides the literacy rate, GAP per capita, and life expectancy of five imaginary countries. The characteristics provided on the second graph are critical to understanding each Individual country potential towards becoming democracies and their ability to consolidate democracy.The first characteristic of the chart is the literacy rate of the five countries, which is an excellent indicator of the overall level of education the countries. A highly educated public is a crucial factor in the transition to democracy, and political scientist Mitchell Gilson argued that in Latin America the thresholds that made democracy possible were both a GNP of $250 and a literacy rate of over fifty percent. This demonstrates that a countries literacy rate Is almost as Important as the level of economic development of a country In demagnification.Between 1960 and 1981 many more people began attending secondary schools to improve their educations. It has been proven that highly educated people tend to develop the characteristics of trust, satisfaction, and competence which form the civic cultural attitudes necessary in a democracy (Huntington, 69). Without an educated public, it is very difficult for democracies to survive. Thus, a high literacy rate provides evidence of a highly cattle puddle, wanly Is also positively oscillate Witt democracy.In Alton, a high literacy rate also provides evidence that a particular nation possesses a large middle class, which is often a product of industrialization and economic growth. The presence of a large middle class is another one of the most important factors of demagnification. Due to the fact that democracies often rely on a system of majority rule, a middle class is necessary in order to accurately represent the wishes of the populace. In addition, it is the middle class which strives to achieve their objectives.In virtually ev ery country the most active supporters of demagnification came from the urban middle class,[l]† and it was this group which led the third wave movements for demagnification. For example, in the Philippines, the middle class, comprised of professionals and business people, encouraged and actively participated in the demonstrations in 1984 against the oppressive regime of Ferdinand Marco's. It is clear that â€Å"When tear gas meets the middle class†¦ Tear gas loses. 2]† A large middle class is crucial in the transition to democracy because they are the people who lead the demonstrations, rallies, and protests calling for an end o authoritarian regimes and the transition to a democratic form of government. The literacy rates of the five countries suggest that countries A and C most likely have a very small middle class and only a small percentage of the overall population is highly educated, country Bi's literacy rate was unavailable, and that countries D and E have both a highly educated population and a large middle class.The second characteristic of the chart is the GAP per capita of the five countries. The gross domestic product (GAP), the gross national product minus the net income earned abroad, tells us the economic development and status of each particular nation. A higher GAP per capita is found in wealthy, economically advanced countries such as Switzerland which has a per capita income of $21 ,330. Conversely, a lower GAP is found in poorer countries such as Ethiopia with a per capita income of $130 (Huntington, 60).Undoubtedly, there exists a positive relationship between economic development and demagnification. Huntington claims that the nations most likely to undergo a transition to democracy are those characterized as â€Å"middle- income† countries. The correlation between wealth and democracy implies that transitions to democracy should occur primarily in countries at the middle levels of economic development. In poor c ountries demagnification is unlikely; in rich countries it has already occurred. 3]† Thus the GAP per capita of country D shows that it is the only country out of the five which is in the middle income range which Huntington claims possesses the most potential to make the transition to democracy, while countries A, B, C, and E are in the lower income range and less likely to make the transition to democracy. The third characteristic on the chart is the life expectancy, which is another important factor because it helps determine the level of technology of a nation.Countries with high life expectancies are more technologically advanced than those with lower life expectancies due to above average health care systems, medications and vaccines, and competent doctors. Most wealthy countries tend to have higher levels of technology than poorer countries, and most wealthy countries are democracies. â€Å"Most wealthy countries are democratic and most democratic countries – In dia is the most dramatic exception – are wealthy. [4]† As such, a higher life expectancy is also associated with democracy. Entrees A, c, Ana nave ten tenure lowest Tie expectancies wanly demonstrates Tanat they are the least technologically advanced. Country D has the second highest life expectancy, but based on life expectancy alone, country B would be the most technologically advanced of all the countries because it has the highest life The literacy rate, GAP, and life expectancy are three vital statistics in expectancy. Formulating a hypothesis as to the level of education, level of economic development, and level of technology that a country possesses and help in determining the type of government of a particular country.From these characteristics it is possible to infer that the countries least likely to democratic would be countries A and C, country B has somewhat a chance of demonstrating, depending on its literacy rate, and countries D and E would be the most l ikely to democratic. Countries A and C have the lowest literacy rates, Gaps, and life expectancies of the entire group and as such lack the high level of economic development, highly educated public, and large middle class which are almost always present in countries making the transition to democracy.The lack of an educated population and large middle class shows that it loud be extremely difficult to establish a democracy in these nations because the people, for the most part, would be unable to participate or take an active role in their governments. Country B would most likely remain whatever government, most likely authoritarian, that it currently was because of its decent GAP and because it has the highest life expectancy of the group.The high life expectancy suggests that the people are living relatively well, and as such, they would most likely not attempt to undermine their current regime. However, country E would most likely emaciation, and country D is the most likely to democratic out of the entire group. The reason that countries E and D are the most likely to democratic is because they possess the highest literacy rates (68 % and 78 % respectively), highest Gaps per capita ($700 and $1600), and good life expectancies (46 and 48 years).Both countries possess the characteristics common to democracies: high levels of economic development, a highly educated public, and a large middle class which is why they are the countries which would undergo the transition from a non democratic form of government to a democratic form of government. Country D is the most probable, out of the five countries, to democratic because it is precisely in the middle income range which Huntington believes leads to the demagnification of a nation.He proves his assertion in his chart which shows that the highest percentage of countries to democratic or liberalize between 1974 and 1989 did in fact occur in countries with per capita GNP in the $1000 – $3000 range (the mi ddle income range). In fact, 76 percent of countries in the middle income range democratic or liberalized, while poorer nations with per capita GNP of $250-$1000 such as countries A, B, C, and E) experienced only a 29 percent transition rate.Therefore, countries A and C are the least likely to democratic, B is somewhat likely to democratic, and E and D have the highest probability of demonstrating. Furthermore, supposing that all five nations have experienced a transition to democracy and have established a democratic regime, countries A, B, and C would be the least likely to consolidate democracy while countries E and D would be the most likely to consolidate their newly emerged democratic regimes. Political scientistAdam Paperwork's claimed that â€Å"Democracy is consolidated when under given political Ana economic contraltos a particular system AT Institutions Decodes ten only game in town, when no one can imagine acting outside the democratic institutions, when all losers want to do is to try again within the same institutions under which they have Just lost. [5]† It could be argued that countries A, B, and C have such low literacy rates, and Gaps that their situation could only get better; however, they do not have the resources (both economically and population-wise) to maintain or strengthen their new found democracies.Out of the five nations, countries E and D are the most economically developed which means they are the least likely to experience an economic crisis which could potentially undermine their regimes. The fact that they are the least likely to experience an economic crisis is extremely important, because economic crises were one of the main reasons that countries converted from non-democratic governments to democratic forms of government in the third wave of demagnification. In the third wave, the combination of substantial levels of economic development and short-term economic rises or failure was the economic formula most favorabl e to the transition from authoritarian to democratic government. [6]† Country E and Ad's educated middle class will actively work to maintain, improve, and strengthen the democratic system which gives them their freedoms and opportunities.Those two countries have the most potential and the most resources available at their disposal to maintain and strengthen their democracies. Therefore, due to their superior economic development, abundant resources, and the existence of an educated, middle class, countries E and D are by far the most likely to consolidate democracy. The third wave of demagnification witnessed the transition of over 30 countries to democratic forms of government, predominantly due to the economies of those countries.The countries most likely to establish a democratic regime are those which display a high level of economic development, a highly educated public, and a large middle class. These factors are crucial to demagnification. Countries A, B, and C are the least likely to democratic and consolidate demagnification because of their low literacy rates and lack of abundant resources. As time progresses and their literacy rates and Gaps increase, they may eventually enter the â€Å"middle income† range which is so conducive to democracy.

The Sociology of Religion Aspects

The Sociology of Religion Aspects Discussing the aspects of sociology of religion, it is necessary to refer to the religion as the social phenomenon when the religious groups can be determined and analyzed as any other social groups according to their specifics and goals. The sociology of religion as the sphere of knowledge is developed by sociologists in relation to their discussion of the issues of religion in its connection with the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Sociology of Religion Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are a lot of problematic questions studied by sociologists in this field of knowledge which are associated with the nature of the people’s religious beliefs and realization of their religious practices in the social life. It is important to pay attention to the fact that religion as the concept within the sociology of religion is discussed and examined with the help of the scientific methods used in the field of sociology. However, the subject matter of such an examination is the people’s religious beliefs and practices. Thus, following Johnstone’s discussion, it is possible to state that sociology of religion can be defined as the study which focuses on determining and analyzing the people’s attitudes to the sacred notions, their beliefs and practices, and their visions of the definite sacred beings and events. There are questions about the relevance of discussing religion not as the individual choice or practice but as the social phenomenon studied by sociology of religion. Nevertheless, sociologists provide many arguments to support the idea that religion should be also examined in the context of sociology and that this subject is really important (Furseth). To support the vision, Johnstone analyzes Simmel’s considerations in relation to the issue and states that â€Å"society precedes religion. Before religion can develop, there must first exist general patterns of social interaction – that is, a society – that can serve as a model† (Johnstone 30). Thus, it is possible to conclude that any religion cannot exist without society because it emerges within it. From this perspective, the subject is important because it refers to both the society as studied by sociology and people’s religious visions. It is important to concentrate on studying sociology of religion because religion develops according to the definite patterns of interactions used within the definite social group (Furseth). Furthermore, in his statement, Turner provides the answers to the questions about the nature of the sociology of religion and its importance. According to Turner, â€Å"religion refers to those processes and institutions that render the social world intelligible, and which bind individuals authoritatively into the social order.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Religion is therefore a matter of central importance to sociology† (Turner 284). Religion is important for the sociological studies because it is one of the major spheres of the people’s life, and it can influence the development of the social group in relation to determining the definite religious practices and rituals along with following the certain moral presumptions. The religious visions of different groups are also different. That is why, the study of the religious practices can provide researchers with the important information about this or that group of people as a kind of the social community. According to Turner, the examination of the religious phenomena among which it is possible to determine magic and myth can be effective for developing the sociological knowledge (Turner 284). In his turn, Johnstone states that religion is closely connected with studying the group dynamics as well the social impac t that is why religion can be discussed as the subject matter of sociology (Johnstone 2). Moreover, the study of the members of the group and their interactions is significant to explain their religious beliefs, practices, and rituals. To understand the particular features of the social development, it is necessary to pay attention to the ideas and beliefs which are interesting for the representatives of the social groups at the spiritual level of their perception of the world. Sociologists are inclined to determine a lot of theories according to which the religious visions were developed and perceived by the public. It is necessary to accentuate the rational choice theory as the most appropriate one to explain the origins of religion from the sociological perspective. According to Johnstone, the rational choice theory is a theory that tries â€Å"to deal seriously with not only the persistence of religion but also the observation that some form of religion appears to be ubiquitous among societies, even if some individuals deny the validity of the religions that surround them† (Johnstone 36). In spite of the fact there are many opinions that the rational choice theory cannot be discussed as relevant to explain the origins of religion because of its rationality and appropriateness to refer to the economic processes rather than to the moral and spiritual choices, this theory is effective to discuss the people’s choice of religion as the conscious act to receive some benefits from this choice (Bruce).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Sociology of Religion Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rational choice theory can be used to explain how people make the necessary choice in relation to their religious vision. People are inclined to act rationally in almost all the spheres of their life, basing on the definite personal or public’s experience (Corcoran). To make th e choice, it is important to examine the situation and its implications with references to the positive and negative perspectives. Johnstone accentuates the fact that people make the similar rational choices also in relation to choosing the religion (Johnstone 36). This choice is based on the experience and on the proper examination of the information about different religions, their rituals, practices, and moral presumptions. Johnstone stresses that â€Å"people have a set of mental images stored in their brains with which they make decisions as rationally and sensibly as they know how† (Johnstone 36). From this point, it is necessary to concentrate on making the right choice because of the variety of the possible religious visions which exist in the contemporary world. Sociology of religion began to develop in the 19th century, and a lot of its aspects require their further discussion by researchers because of the significant controversy in vision of the main theories used in sociology of religion to explain its main ideas or the nature of the religion as a phenomenon. The characteristic feature of sociology of religion as the study discussing the people’s religious beliefs and attitudes to the sacred points is the dependence on the empirical information used to examine the main aspects of this sphere of knowledge. Thus, the religious concepts and the people’s beliefs and practices are examined with the help of the sociological methods which are rather scientific, and they allow speaking about religion as the social phenomenon which can be observed and studied with references to the definite social group. Bruce, Steve. â€Å"Religion and Rational Choice: A Critique of Economic Explanations of Religious Behavior†. Sociology of Religion 54.2 (1993): 193-205. Print. Corcoran, Katie. â€Å"Religious Human Capital Revisited: Testing the Effect of Religious Human Capital on Religious Participation†. Rationality and Society 24.3 (2012): 343-379. Print. Furseth, Inger. An Introduction to the Sociology of Religion: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives. USA: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Johnstone, Ronald. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. USA: Pearson, Prentice-Hall, 2007. Print. Turner, Bryan. â€Å"The Sociology of Religion†. The SAGE Handbook of Sociology. Ed. Craig Calhoun. USA: SAGE, 2006. 284-300. Print.

Difficult Language situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Difficult Language situation - Essay Example My friends had gone on to shop in other areas of the store so I was alone. It was a very crowded, busy time at the bakery so the line was long. When I got close to the front of the line, I tried to read the names of the different types of sweet cakes. I did not recognize any of the names. They looked like they were actually written in another language than English. I do not remember many of the names but one was canole and the other gnocchi. I realized that I could not say any of the names of sweet cakes. I tried to listen to how the other shoppers in line said the names and how they ordered, but so many people were talking at one time, I could not hear clearly. I started to get nervous when the person in line in front of me stepped up to make her order. She walked to the glass case and pointed to the sweet cakes and said, â€Å"Give me a dozen.† The baker picked up a handful of sweets and placed them in a small white box. I knew that I did not want a dozen of anything. I deci ded that I would just point to the sweet cake I wanted and would say, â€Å"Two.† When it was my turn I stuck with my plan. But the baker didn’t get my sweet cake. She said, â€Å"Which one?† She could not see what I was pointing at. I pointed again and said, â€Å"Down here.† She waited a moment and then grabbed two sweets. They were not the ones I was pointing at but I did not say anything. I took my sweet cakes and ate them. They were not the ones that I wanted but they were very good. This whole encounter with the baker was frustrating and made me nervous. I wanted to be able to say the names of the sweet cakes but I could not. I felt inferior after the encounter. I realized that I could not just imitate what other people said. I had to really understand what I was saying. I do not want to feel embarrassed because of my language anymore so I am improving. Another encounter I had was with a cab driver that was from

What Are the Fundamental Purposes of Business and the Responsibilities Assignment

What Are the Fundamental Purposes of Business and the Responsibilities of Strategic Leaders - Assignment Example the consuming public, reference will not only be made to those who patronise the products and services of particular businesses but all other people who in a way may be affected by what a business entity does. It is not surprising that in the 1970s, Milton Friedman saw the sole purpose of business as making profits but with time, this changed to a much holistic responsibility of creating and keeping customers by Peter Drucker. Based on the dynamic needs of society by the years, it will strongly be accepted that today, the primary purpose of business is to solve peoples problems. This is certainly an all-in-all purpose that comes with a lot of implications for doing business. First, it implies that people are the real focus for doing business. With people being the real focus of doing business also, it is not just about creating business around people and taking opportunity of them but then engaging in a shared-responsibility that ensures that the people also benefit from the business (Porter & Kramer, 2006). There are a number of theories and concepts that have been used in literature to explain the form of shared-responsibility between businesses and the people. One of these is the concept of sustainability. Under the sustainability framework, businesses are expected to be functional from three major perspectives which are economic, social, and environmental (Porter & Kramer, 2006). As far as economic su stainability is concerned, the old school of thought on the purpose of making profit can be said to be applicable. In the remaining two which are social and environmental however, businesses are deemed to operate in a way that makes them useful to the larger society and the environment surrounding them (Wolfe, 2011). Because of the change with the purpose of businesses, the responsibility of the people behind the wheels of any typical business has also changed very significantly. Today, it can be said that the primary responsibility of senior leaders is to